Njira yamagetsi yamakina ndi njira yachikhalidwe yokonzekera graphite. Mwa njirayi, graphite yachilengedwe imasakanikirana ndi ma oxidant oyenera komanso othandizira, olamulidwa ndi kutentha kwina, kosunthika nthawi zonse, ndikusambitsidwa, kusefedwa ndikuumitsidwa kuti apeze graphite wokulitsa. Njira yamagetsi yamagetsi yakhala njira yokhwima m'makampani ndi maubwino azida zosavuta, ntchito yabwino komanso mtengo wotsika.
Mapangidwe a graphite ndi omwe amafunikira kuti mapangidwe a graphite awonjezeke, chifukwa ngati mapangidwe a intercalation atha kuyenda bwino zimadalira kukula kwa pakati pa zigawo za graphite. kutentha kumakhala ndi bata labwino kwambiri komanso asidi komanso kukana kwa alkali, chifukwa chake sichimagwirizana ndi asidi ndi alkali, chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera kwa okosijeni kwakhala gawo lofunikira pakapangidwe kazakudya.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma oxidants, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma oxidants olimba (monga potaziyamu permanganate, potaziyamu dichromate, chromium trioxide, potaziyamu chlorate, ndi zina zambiri), amathanso kukhala ma oxidizing amadzimadzi amadzimadzi (monga hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, etc. ). Zapezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa kuti potaziyamu permanganate ndiye cholumikizira chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza graphite wokulitsa.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oxidizer, graphite imakhala ndi oxidized ndipo ma macromolecule osalowerera ndale omwe ali mgawo la graphite amakhala ma macromolecule a planar okhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chabwino. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa zomwezo zabwino, mtunda pakati pa zigawo za graphite umakulirakulira, womwe umapereka mpata ndi malo oti intercalator ilowe mosanjikiza bwino. Pakukonzekera kwa graphite wokulitsa, othandizirawo amakhala acid. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza amagwiritsa ntchito asidi wa sulfuric, asidi wa nitric, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, acid wosakaniza ndi glacial acetic acid.
Njira yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, ndi yankho lamadzimadzi la cholowacho ngati ma electrolyte, graphite ndi zida zachitsulo (zinthu zosapanga dzimbiri, mbale ya platinamu, mbale yotsogola, mbale ya titaniyamu, ndi zina zambiri) zimapanga anode, zida zachitsulo zomwe zimayikidwa mu electrolyte ngati cathode, ndikupanga kutseka kotsekedwa; Kapena graphite yoimitsidwa mu electrolyte, mu electrolyte nthawi yomweyo yolowetsedwa mu mbale yoyipa komanso yabwino, kudzera pama electrode awiriwo ndi njira yolimbikitsira, anodic oxidation. Pamwamba pa graphite pamakhala oxidized ku carbocation. Nthawi yomweyo, poyeserera kophatikizana ndi kukokomeza kwamagetsi ndi kufalikira kwamitundu, ma ayoni a asidi kapena ayoni ena ophatikizika amaphatikizidwa pakati pa zigawo za graphite kuti apange graphite wokulirapo.
Poyerekeza ndi njira ya makutidwe ndi okosijeni, njira yamagetsi yokonzera graphite yotambalala yonse osagwiritsa ntchito okosijeni, kuchuluka kwake kwa mankhwala ndi kwakukulu, zotsalira zazinthu zowononga ndizochepa, electrolyte imatha kubwerezedwanso pambuyo poyankha, kuchuluka kwa asidi kwachepetsedwa, mtengo umasungidwa, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwachepetsedwa, kuwonongeka kwa zida ndizochepa, ndipo moyo wautumiki umakulitsidwa. mabizinezi ambiri okhala ndi maubwino ambiri.
Njira yodziwitsira gasi ndiyo kupanga graphite yotambalala polumikizana ndi intercalator yokhala ndi graphite mu mawonekedwe amweya komanso kuphatikizira moyenerera. losindikizidwa, motero limadziwikanso kuti njira yazipinda ziwiri.Njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga halide -EG ndi alkali chitsulo -EG pamakampani.
Ubwino: kapangidwe kake ndi dongosolo la riyakitala kumatha kuwongoleredwa, ndipo zomwe zimapangidwira ndi zinthu zitha kusiyanitsidwa mosavuta.
Zoyipa: chida choyankhira chimakhala chovuta kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito ndi ovuta kwambiri, kotero kutulutsa kwake kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kuyenera kuchitidwa pansi pamawonekedwe otentha, nthawi ndi yayitali, ndipo zomwe zimachitika ndizokwera kwambiri, malo okonzekera ayenera khalani ndi zingalowe, chifukwa chake mtengo wopanga ndiwokwera kwambiri, osayenerera kupanga zikuluzikulu.
Njira yosakanizika yamadzimadzi ndikusakaniza zinthu zomwe zalowetsedwa ndi graphite, potetezedwa ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya wosalala kapena kusindikiza makina otenthetsera kukonzekera graphite. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira mankhwala a alkali metal-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Ubwino: The ndondomeko anachita ndi losavuta, anachita liwiro ndi kudya, ndi kusintha chiŵerengero cha zipangizo graphite zopangira ndi oyika angafikire dongosolo ena ndi zikuchokera graphite expandable, oyenera kwambiri kuŵeta.
Zoyipa: Zopangidwazo sizakhazikika, ndizovuta kuthana ndi chinthu cholowetsedwa chaulere chomwe chili pamwamba pa ma GIC, ndipo ndizovuta kuonetsetsa kuti mapangidwe a graphite interlamellar ali osakanikirana pakakhala kaphatikizidwe kambiri.
Njira yosungunuka ndikusakaniza graphite ndi zinthu zosinthira ndi kutentha kuti ikonzeke. ternary kapena multicomponent GICs mwa kuyika zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo (zomwe zimatha kupanga mchere wosungunuka) pakati pa zigawo za graphite nthawi imodzi.
Ubwino: Chogwiritsidwacho chimakhala chokhazikika, chosavuta kuchapa, chosavuta kuchitapo kanthu, kutentha kotsika, nthawi yayifupi, yoyenera kupanga zazikulu.
Zoyipa: ndizovuta kuwongolera kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake pamachitidwe, ndipo ndizovuta kuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake pamalonda ndi kaphatikizidwe.
Njira yopanikizika ndikusakaniza ma graphite a matope ndi nthaka ya alkaline komanso ufa wosakanikirana wapadziko lapansi ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti apange M-GICS pansi pamavuto.
Zoyipa: Pokhapokha kuthamanga kwa chitsulo kukadutsa gawo linalake, mayikidwe ake amatha kuchitidwa; Komabe, kutentha ndikokwera kwambiri, kosavuta kuyambitsa chitsulo ndi graphite kuti apange ma carbides, zoyipa, kotero kutentha kwakoyenera kuyenera kuyendetsedwa munthawi inayake. Njira iyi ndiyofunikira pokonza chitsulo-GICS chotsika kwambiri, koma chipangizocho ndi chovuta ndipo zofunikira pakuchita ndizovuta, motero sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni pano.
Njira yophulika imagwiritsa ntchito graphite ndi wothandizirana wokulitsa monga KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros kapena zosakaniza zomwe zakonzedwa, zikatenthedwa, graphite nthawi imodzi izikhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni komanso kuphatikizira kwa cambium, komwe kuli Mchere wachitsulo ukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira, mankhwalawa amakhala ovuta kwambiri, omwe amangokweza graphite, komanso chitsulo.
