Chemical oxidation njira ndi njira yachikhalidwe yokonzekera graphite yowonjezereka. Mu njira iyi, masoka flake graphite wothira oxidant yoyenera ndi intercalating wothandizila, ankalamulidwa pa kutentha kwina, nthawi zonse analimbikitsa, ndi kutsukidwa, wosefedwa ndi zouma kupeza expandable graphite. Chemical makutidwe ndi okosijeni njira yakhala njira okhwima mu makampani ndi ubwino zida zosavuta, ntchito yabwino ndi mtengo wotsika.
The ndondomeko masitepe makutidwe ndi okosijeni mankhwala monga makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi intercalation.The makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa graphite ndi chikhalidwe zofunika mapangidwe expandable graphite, chifukwa ngati intercalation anachita akhoza kupita bwino zimadalira mlingo wa kutsegula pakati graphite zigawo. kutentha ali kwambiri bata ndi asidi ndi alkali kukana, choncho sachita ndi asidi ndi zamchere, Choncho, Kuwonjezera wa okosijeni wakhala kofunika chigawo chachikulu mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni mankhwala.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya okosijeni, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi okosijeni olimba (monga potaziyamu permanganate, potassium dichromate, chromium trioxide, potaziyamu chlorate, etc.), amathanso kukhala oxidizing madzi okosijeni (monga hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, etc.). ). Zapezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa kuti potaziyamu permanganate ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga graphite yowonjezereka.
Pansi pa zochita za oxidizer, graphite ndi oxidized ndi ndale maukonde macromolecules mu graphite wosanjikiza kukhala macromolecules planar ndi mlandu zabwino. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zonyansa za malipiro abwino omwewo, mtunda wa pakati pa zigawo za graphite ukuwonjezeka, zomwe zimapereka njira ndi malo kuti intercalator alowe mu graphite wosanjikiza bwino. Pokonzekera graphite yowonjezera, intercalating wothandizira makamaka asidi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ofufuza makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, perchloric acid, acid acid ndi glacial acetic acid.
Electrochemical njira ndi nthawi zonse pakali pano, ndi njira amadzimadzi ya Ikani monga electrolyte, graphite ndi zitsulo zipangizo (stainless zitsulo, platinamu mbale, mbale kutsogolera, mbale titaniyamu, etc.) zimapanga anode gulu, zitsulo zipangizo anaikapo mu electrolyte ngati cathode, kupanga kuzungulira kotsekedwa; Kapena graphite inaimitsidwa mu electrolyte, mu electrolyte pa nthawi yomweyo anaikapo mu mbale zoipa ndi zabwino, kudzera maelekitirodi awiri ndi mphamvu njira, anodic makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Pamwamba pa graphite ndi oxidized kuti carbocation. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pansi pa ophatikizana kanthu electrostatic kukopa ndi ndende kusiyana kufalikira, ayoni asidi kapena ayoni polar intercalant ndi ophatikizidwa pakati pa zigawo graphite kupanga expandable graphite.
Poyerekeza ndi njira mankhwala makutidwe ndi okosijeni, njira electrochemical yokonza expansable graphite mu ndondomeko yonse popanda kugwiritsa ntchito okosijeni, mankhwala kuchuluka, yotsalira kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri zinthu ndi yaing'ono, ndi electrolyte akhoza zobwezerezedwanso pambuyo anachita, kuchuluka kwa asidi kumachepetsedwa, mtengo wake umapulumutsidwa, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kumachepetsedwa, kuwonongeka kwa zida kumakhala kochepa, ndipo moyo wautumiki umakulitsidwa. mabizinesi ambiri okhala ndi zabwino zambiri.
Njira ya kufalikira kwa gasi ndikutulutsa graphite yowonjezereka polumikizana ndi intercalator ndi graphite mu mawonekedwe a mpweya komanso kuchitapo kanthu. osindikizidwa, kotero amadziwikanso kuti njira ya zipinda ziwiri.Njirayi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga halide -EG ndi zitsulo za alkali -EG m'makampani.
Ubwino: kapangidwe ndi dongosolo la riyakitala akhoza kulamulidwa, ndi reactants ndi mankhwala akhoza kupatukana mosavuta.
Zoipa: chipangizo chochitira ndi chovuta kwambiri, ntchitoyo imakhala yovuta kwambiri, kotero zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa, ndipo zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi yayitali, ndi zochitikazo ndizokwera kwambiri, malo okonzekera ayenera kukhala vacuum, kotero mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri, wosayenera pakupanga kwakukulu.
The osakaniza madzi gawo njira ndi mwachindunji kusakaniza anaikapo zinthu ndi graphite, pansi pa chitetezo cha kuyenda wa inert mpweya kapena kusindikiza dongosolo Kutentha anachita kukonzekera expandable graphite. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za alkali metal-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Ubwino: The ndondomeko n'zosavuta, zimene liwiro ndi kudya, ndi kusintha chiŵerengero cha graphite zopangira ndi amaika angafikire dongosolo lina ndi zikuchokera expandable graphite, oyenera kwambiri kupanga misa.
Zoipa: The anapanga mankhwala osakhazikika, n'zovuta kulimbana ndi ufulu anaikapo mankhwala Ufumuyo pamwamba GICs, ndipo n'zovuta kuonetsetsa kugwirizana kwa graphite interlamellar mankhwala pamene chiwerengero chachikulu cha kaphatikizidwe.
Njira yosungunuka ndi kusakaniza graphite ndi intercalating zakuthupi ndi kutentha kukonzekera graphite yowonjezera.Kutengera mfundo yakuti zigawo za eutectic zimatha kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa dongosolo (pansi pa malo osungunuka a chigawo chilichonse), ndi njira yokonzekera ternary kapena multicomponent GICs poika zinthu ziwiri kapena kuposerapo (zomwe ziyenera kupanga dongosolo la mchere wosungunuka) pakati pa zigawo za graphite panthawi imodzi.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zitsulo zachitsulo - GICs.
Ubwino: The kaphatikizidwe mankhwala ali bata wabwino, zosavuta kuchapa, zosavuta anachita chipangizo, otsika anachita kutentha, nthawi yochepa, oyenera kupanga yaikulu.
Kuipa: n'zovuta kulamulira dongosolo dongosolo ndi zikuchokera mankhwala mu ndondomeko anachita, ndipo n'zovuta kuonetsetsa kugwirizana dongosolo dongosolo ndi zikuchokera mankhwala mu kaphatikizidwe misa.
Njira yopanikizidwa ndi kusakaniza matrix a graphite ndi zitsulo zamchere zamchere ndi ufa wachitsulo wosowa padziko lapansi ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti apange M-GICS pansi pamikhalidwe yopanikizika.
Zoipa: Pokhapokha pamene kuthamanga kwa nthunzi kwachitsulo kupitirira malire ena, kulowetsamo kungathe kuchitika; Komabe, kutentha kwambiri, n'zosavuta kuchititsa zitsulo ndi graphite kupanga carbides, zoipa anachita, kotero kutentha anachita ayenera kulamulidwa mu osiyanasiyana range.The kuyika kutentha zitsulo osowa lapansi ndi mkulu kwambiri, kotero kukakamiza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa. kuchepetsa kutentha kwa zomwe zimachitika.Njirayi ndi yoyenera pokonzekera zitsulo-GICS ndi malo otsika osungunuka, koma chipangizocho ndi chovuta ndipo zofunikira zogwirira ntchito ndizokhwima, kotero sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Kuphulika njira zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito graphite ndi wothandizila kukula monga KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2 · nH2O, Zn(NO3)2·nH2O pyropyros kapena zosakaniza okonzeka, pamene mkangano, graphite adzakhala imodzi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi intercalation anachita cambium pawiri, amene ndiye kukodzedwa mu "kuphulika" njira, motero kupeza kukodzedwa graphite.Pamene zitsulo mchere ntchito monga wothandizila kukulitsa, mankhwala ndi zovuta, amene osati kukodzedwa graphite, komanso zitsulo.
