Ponena za kupezeka ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa flake graphite, pali nkhani yolembedwa bwino, pamene buku la Shuijing Zhu linali loyamba, lomwe linanena kuti "pali phiri la graphite pambali pa mtsinje wa Luoshui". Miyala yonse ndi yakuda, kotero kuti mabuku akhoza kukhala ochepa, choncho amadziwika ndi graphite. ” Zofukulidwa m’mabwinja zimasonyeza kuti zaka zoposa 3,000 zapitazo mu Ufumu wa Shang, dziko la China linagwiritsa ntchito graphite kulemba zilembo, zomwe zinapitirira mpaka kumapeto kwa Ufumu wa Kum’mawa kwa Han (AD 220). Graphite monga inki yamabuku idasinthidwa ndi inki ya fodya yapaini. Munthawi ya Daoguang ya Mzera wa Qing (AD 1821-1850), alimi ku Chenzhou, m'chigawo cha Hunan adakumba ma flake graphite ngati mafuta, omwe amatchedwa "carbon yamafuta".
Dzina lachingerezi la Graphite limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek "graphite in", kutanthauza "kulemba". Adatchulidwa ndi katswiri wamankhwala waku Germany ndi mineralogist AGWerner mu 1789.
Mamolekyu a flake graphite ndi C ndipo kulemera kwake kwa molekyulu ndi 12.01. Natural graphite ndi chitsulo chakuda ndi chitsulo imvi, ndi mizere yakuda yowala, zitsulo zonyezimira ndi opacity. Krustalo ndi m'gulu la makristalo ovuta kwambiri a hexagonal biconical, omwe ndi makristalo amtundu wa hexagonal. Mawonekedwe a simplex amaphatikizanso mbali ziwiri, mazenera amitundu iwiri ndi ma hexagonal, koma mawonekedwe akristalo osawoneka bwino ndi osowa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati mamba kapena mbale. Zosintha: a0 = 0.246nm, c0 = 0.670nm Kapangidwe kakang'ono, komwe maatomu a carbon amapangidwa m'magulu, ndipo kaboni iliyonse imagwirizanitsidwa mofanana ndi mpweya woyandikana nawo, ndipo mpweya wamtundu uliwonse umakonzedwa mu mphete ya hexagonal. Mphete zokhala ndi hexagonal za kaboni kumtunda ndi m'munsi moyandikana ndi zigawo zimasunthidwa motsatana ndi ndege ya mauna kenako ndikumangika kuti apange gulu losanjikiza. Mayendedwe osiyanasiyana ndi mtunda wa kusamuka kumatsogolera kumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polymorphic. Mtunda wapakati pa maatomu a kaboni kumtunda ndi m'munsi ndi wokulirapo kuposa womwe uli pakati pa maatomu a kaboni omwewo (CC spacing in layers =0.142nm, CC spacing between layers =0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni ndi 5-10m2/g malo enieni. The kuuma ndi anisotropic, ofukula cleavage ndege ndi 3-5, ndi parallel cleavage ndege ndi 1-2. Aggregates nthawi zambiri amakhala scaly, lumpy ndi earthy. Graphite flake ili ndi magetsi abwino komanso matenthedwe matenthedwe. Mamineral flakes nthawi zambiri amakhala opaque pansi pa kuwala kofalikira, ma flakes oonda kwambiri amakhala obiriwira-imvi, osasunthika, okhala ndi index yowonekera ya 1.93 ~ 2.07. Kuwala konyezimira, ndi kuwala kofiirira-imvi, kowoneka bwino kowoneka bwino, Ro imvi ndi bulauni, Re buluu wakuda wabuluu, kuwunikira Ro23 (wofiira), Re5.5 (wofiira), wonyezimira wowoneka bwino komanso kunyezimira kawiri, kusiyanasiyana kolimba ndi polarization. . Chizindikiritso: chitsulo chakuda, kuuma kochepa, gulu la cleavage yabwino kwambiri, kusinthasintha, kumverera koterera, manja osavuta kuyipitsa. Ngati zinki particles wetted ndi mkuwa sulphate njira anaika pa graphite, zitsulo mkuwa mawanga akhoza precipitated, pamene molybdenite ofanana ndi alibe anachita.
Graphite ndi allotrope ya elemental carbon (ma allotropes ena akuphatikizapo diamondi, carbon 60, carbon nanotubes ndi graphene), ndipo mbali zonse za atomu ya carbon iliyonse zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maatomu ena atatu a carbon (kuchuluka kwa ma hexagon opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a zisa) kuti apange covalent. mamolekyu. Popeza kuti atomu ya carbon iliyonse imatulutsa elekitironi, ma elekitironiwo amatha kuyenda momasuka, choncho flake graphite ndi kondakitala wamagetsi. Ndege ya Cleavage imayang'aniridwa ndi zomangira zamamolekyu, zomwe zimakhala ndi zofooka zofooka za mamolekyu, kotero kuti kuyandama kwake kwachilengedwe ndikwabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe apadera omangirira a flake graphite, sitingaganize kuti flake graphite ndi crystal imodzi kapena polycrystal. Tsopano zimaganiziridwa kuti flake graphite ndi mtundu wa kristalo wosakanikirana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-04-2022